The Versailles Treaty and Kosovo

Bethany Megan Robinson

 

Following is the concluding part of an essay I had written some three years ago as part of my college Access course which I took in Historical Studies, English Literature and Biological Science to qualify for University entry i.e. Durham, first in Environmental Science and Development then where I am now in Theology. Little did I realise then how soon such a political clique as Nato would rise and cause the terrorisation upon an innocent and defenceless little nation . One can therefore only live in fear of the immediate future. G-D help us all.

Conclusion of an Essay written in 1996. Bethany Megan Robinson.

'The Versailles Treaty' 'Vicious and Shortsighted.'? Was the Versailles Treaty unnecessarily harsh?. Was it guilty of failing to take a broader view of how clauses it would implement affect futuristic trends and circumstances. This essay attempts to examine some of the issues involved in assessing and examining the viciousness and short sightedness of the treaty, whilst attempting to understand how some clauses could have been justified.................

Conclusion...

Articles 6,7, and 8 of the Treaty seem fair and just. Russia had not posed any aggressive threat to Germany , but had come into the war to defend her friend Serbia - - a loyalty which has been lasting unto this day -. Germany could not have expected to hang on to Belgium, as for Alsace and Lorraine it was not unreasonable nor unfair to hand these territories back to France. Prussia had seized these in 1871 as an act of revenge for Napoleon's mischief. Forty eight years of foreign subjugation was enough punishment.

Article 232 ' The Allied Governments recognise that the resources of Germany are not adequate to make complete reparations for all such loss and damges, but they require Germany undertakes that she will make compensation for all the damages done to the civilian population of the Allied powers and to their property during the war.' This appears to accept and understand that Germany would not be able to pay the full cost of reparations. Yet the figure the reparations commission came up with was considered by many to be unreasonable.

Conclusion.
To summarise, .... In places the Treaty appears vicious , for example
Article 119, especially if the overseas possessions were legitimate, not so vicious of course if illegally grabbed by Germany. Regarding Article 160, provision ought to have been made for contingency plans should Germany herself in some future date have found herself the innocent victim of attack from an aggressive power. With the order that she was to be reduced to an armed service of no more than 100,000 men placed herinto a state of vulnerability.

It was a vicious and undemocratic action not to allow Germany any redress or chance to put forward her side of the story at the conference. The Historian A Lentin in his book ' Guilt at Versailles' points out in relation to President Woodrow Wilson ..'He was ignorant when he promised Italy the South Tyrol, that its population was Austrian. When he approved the boundaries of Czechoslovakia he had no idea that they contained three million Germans. When he assented to the incorporation of Transylvania within Roumania he was unaware of sanctioning an act of annexation.' The Treaty was shortsighted in consideration of the fate of German people living in countries to be lost or returned to their rightful owners. Yet it could be argued that countries which had lost their identities due to German takeover - - illegally - - were now being given back their independence. So there exists two sides of the argument on this issue. Legal overseas colonies belonging to Germany ought to have been left alone unless German rule over these was inhumane and dictatorial. Implementing clauses such as this restricted Germany's chances of being in a position to pay off the reparations demanded of her . Upon re-establishing Poland, consideration and agreement ought to have been given to France's access to the Northern Sea, a privilege she had enjoyed formerly through Russia.

The Treaty of Versailles may have been shortsighted in several places, especially in matters of how reparation was to be made possible. John Maynard Keynes seems correct in his assertion that ' the financial and economic chapters of Versailles were unjust and unworkable'. It was shortsighted in not considering German exiles living in lands being returned to original ownerships. Shortsighted and thoughtless in several places it may have been , it was vicious in not allowing any German delegation to the Conference and therefore to redress, denial of this was unjust and undemocratic. Viciousness in other areas where it may be accused of being, depends upon which side of the fence one happens to be standing. It has been claimed that the Versailles Treaty led to bitterness which germinated the seeds which grew into the Second World War. This may partly be so and Hitler may well have viewed matters in this light and certainly exused his actions by it in his expansionistic policy, Lebensraum or 'Living Space.'. It has been claimed that when Germany plunged into other countries, it did so mainly to rescue the exiled Germans and this appears to be what the German people were led to believe by the Nationalsozialististische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei - National Socialist German Worker's Party or Nazis. Hitler was cunning in that he held appeal to various classes of people. It was purely out of political expediency and the grasping of power that on one hand his policies were Nationalistic and Imperialistic whilst on the other Socialistic, but all enshrined in a sinister aura of racism and of an esoteric evilness made tangible. There were other factors beside the Versailles Treaty which may have caused frustration such as internal political frictions, an American slump had occured which in its train had caused an economic depression, not only felt in Germany. In such dark days the people needed a vision to stop them perishing altogether, it was an unfortunate choice that the vision appearing before the Germanic people disguised as some superman cum saviour turned out in reality to be akin to some demon from hell. No Versailles Treaty could have caused a regime to horrifically massacre six million innocent European Jews, along with Gypsies and other minority groups who happened to get in the way of the Nazi ideology.

The Versailles Treaty did not help matters, but it is doubtful whether it was the sole cause for so much grief ahead. Psychologically the real root problems seemingly were festering long before the Treaty and indeed long before the War itself - - i.e. 1st World War. We cannot even be certain that they will never ever re-emerge again. If Neo-Nazism or something equally as evil ever reaches political strength again - perhaps not while the memory of Hitler and World War 2 is still pretty fresh in people's minds, but perhaps when all the horror cannot be felt or the shock factor disappears. Or even in a world grown sick and uncaring enough.

If Germany felt agrieved by the Versailles Treaty, then it would be hypocritical of them not to feel equally alarmed in that they attempted to do exactly the same - if not worse, to Russia with their own Brest-Litovsk Treaty.'

The End.
Bethany Megan Robinson. 1996.

PS. Since composing that essay we are seeing the very fear expressed in the paragraph second from the end materialising right in front of our eyes. The 'problems which were festering even prior the first World War, was the same Weltpolitik, or in other words MEDDLING in other countries affairs and not always welcomed or in keeping with justice and democracy. What we are seeing is 'Germany on the March again.' but yet not so much Germany herself and I do not wish to cause offence to present day German people by making such a statement for I realise that many good German people oppose this recent action of Nato upon little Serbia. But that very same domineering, and bombastic spirit which seems to have been grasped upon since the end of World War 2. Interestingly enough Germany was not 'punished' for her part in World War 2 in quite the severe way that she was following the first World War via the Versailles Treaty . In fact she thrived, maybe partly due to the reparations she would have received as a nation attacked by the allied forces , albeit though she was in the wrong and had brought it upon herself . But what we have seen in the formation of such as the Bilderberg Club, is that very same pattern or spirit - if you like for the want of a descriptive word - - that was inherent in the character of Germany and which caused her to enjoy marching so much has been adopted by a larger sphere of politicians of other countries. Indeed today's European Union enshrines policies which were conjured up by the Nazis. As U.K. Independent Party member and candidate Rodney Atkinson states in his book 'Treason at Maastricht' ' The ideas of collectivism , statism, trade protectionism and corporatism are not so physically apparent as the blitz and marching armies, which is why they have been so successfully re-established themselves in Europe, under the guise of the 'European Union.'.

The ethnic Albanians of Kosovo have become the equivalent to the Czechoslovakian Germans in providing an exuse for the jackbooted -Weltpolitik aggressive takeover. Fortunately Hitler was stopped in his tracks by the allied force, albeit later than what it ought to have been, had he been stopped much earlier instead of it being said that 'Czechoslovakia is a far away place we know little about.' then the bloodshed which it took to exocise the evil could have been far less and six million innocent Jewish people would not have died so horrendously as they did . What is worrying today is who can stop the present day beast? What allied force is there now to come to the rescue? Many of us are living in countries whose political force IS the very beast. Our politicians have seen the chance of rich pickings and all the progress which has been made over many years of our modern civilisation in legislation to ensure humanitarianism to be paramount priority is suddenly being swilled down the drain because of our politicians' greed and global expansionism. Who can stop the modern day Beast running rampant? . It would seem that this task lies in the hands - - should enough enthusiasm and humanitarian care be aroused - - of the People and -
G-D.